The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah: Israel Timeline charts: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications:Academic articles and newsletters: Archaeology, History, Bible Dates, Chronology, Jerusalem, Nebuchadrezzar, David, Solomon, Josephus, Dead Sea Scrolls, Seder Olam Rabbah, Masorete, Septuagint.
'For the Academics' Articles "Section" at Kingscalendar
Academic Articles Housed in the 'For the Academics" Articles Section
There are Several Sections at Kingscalendar that contain Academic Articles for example:
The Josephus Section Academic Newsletter Section; Articles linked at Wikipedia Section; The Seder Olam Rabbah 15 Short Topic Series; Rules and Issues of Evidence in Law and Archaeology Series;
Articles listed on this page are in the 'For the Academics' Section.
Articles found only in the "For the Academics" Section
History from the time of King Uzziah to the time of Hezekiah, contains quite a lot of confusing chronological material, and no one has quite figured it all out yet. Most scholars simply dispense with what the Bible says, and do what they do best - 'Make it up as they go'. - Fall of Samaria: Sennacherib invades Judah: Hezekiah's Healing: King Ahaz: King Jotham: Merodach-Baladan
Egyptian Coin Discovery: Archaeology reveals Joseph in Egypt: Some of the coins are from the time when Joseph lived in Egypt, and bear his name and portrait. "Research team head Dr. Sa'id Muhammad Thabet said ... many charms from various eras before and after the period of Joseph, including one that bore his effigy as the minister of the treasury in the Egyptian pharaoh's court. "The researcher identified coins from many different periods, including coins that bore special markings identifying them as being from the era of Joseph. Among these, there was one coin that had an inscription on it, and an image of a cow symbolizing Pharaoh's dream about the seven fat cows and seven lean cows, and the seven green stalks of grain and seven dry stalks of grain
Moses was Born 1523 BCE - Fled to Midian in 1486 BCE - Commenced the Exodus in 1449 BCE and died in 1413/1412 BCE: In 1514 BCE when Moses was around Nine years old, Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis II had a daughter...the future seemed secure to Hatshepsut when her Daughter Neferure was born, for through marriage to Moses she would have provided Egypt with a New King. Neferure died at the age of Eleven years in 1503 BCE. In 1487 BCE, around the time that Hatshepsutat died, 40 year old Moses fled Egypt. Forty years later he returned to confront Amenhotep II who was far worse by nature than the Biblical Pharaoh. The Exodus took place during Amenhotep II's co-regency during the last two years of the reign of Thothmes III. During this time, Amenhotep left Egypt to campaign in Asia. The administration of Egypt was left to Grandvisier Rekhmire, whose tomb reveals that he met his end with disgrace. The Book of Judges provides an incomplete chronology of the Judges of Ancient Israel, yet still records 450 years of consecutive data. Extra-Biblical records indicate a further 60 to 80 years for Joshua, Samuel and King Saul. Add 40 years for King David's reign and 4 years to the Commencement of the building of Solomon's remple, a total of between 554 and 574 years elapse between the Israelite entrance into Canaan and the 4th year of Solomon. The King's Calendar artificial construct reduces the overall value of the data, and demonstrates that the period of the Judges compactly fits into 480 artificial years, as indicated in the Masoretic version 1 Kings 6:1.
It is the hypothesis of this research that the Jubilee Calendar of the Essenes which measures 364 days per year, was artificially divided into thirteen months (13) of four (4) weeks of seven (7) days, with the thirteenth month being 'carried over' so to speak, so that every twelve (12) solar years, an extra year (13th) is created. By this process, real Jewish history was extended. Biblical Synchronisms from this perspective, do actually synchronise. This book demonstrates the effectiveness of using a 336 day period for each 'YEAR' mentioned in Scripture and that the Synchronous Chronology of the Divided Kingdom, as presented in the Bible, is correct. Although a connection is seen between the Jubilees Calendar's 364 day year and a 336 day year, how is it possible to say let alone prove that there is a specific connection to the Essenes - or a particular group of them - the Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran, or the Dead Sea Sect, when no one yet understands exactly who and what these really were. The King's Calendar however can make sense of the chronology of the 390 years of the Damascus Document, even if others cannot.
2 Kings 1:17 says that Jehoram of Israel commenced in the 2nd year of Jehoram of Judah - Jehoshaphat and his son reigned together from Jehoshaphat's 17th year because in that year Ahaziah of Israel commenced to reign. 2 Kings 8:16 says that In 5th year of Jehoram of Israel - Jehoram of Judah commenced to reign. This would have been Jehoram of Judah's ascension year, the 22nd and final year of Jehoshaphat. The King's Calendar demonstrates that Bible years are artificial periods of 336 days. When Bible Chronology is treated in this manner, all the data synchronises, both internally between the Northern and Southern Kingdoms of Israel for the period of the Divided Kingdom, and externally with the Assyrian / Babylonian kings as well.
There are errors in Bible Chronology. An internet search will turn up lots of sites demonstrating discrepancies in the Scriptures, and others offering defenses to such allegations. Some types of 'contradiction' claims arise because the people making them are not skilled. So they can be forgiven. Some claims of contradiction arise from the 'tunnel vision', some seem legitimate but are only apparently so, but not factually so; and finally, there are definitely some transcription errors, which inherently means that the Bible is not infallible.
"once we start to treat historical Biblical documents with the same dignity as any other nation's historical documents, it is possible to see that the chronological data recorded therein, is reliable and trustworthy, and, for the most part, agrees with modern calculations in relation to Ancient Near Eastern Chronology. It is the hope of the King's Calendar, that historians and other academics will overcome their 'loss of face' and 'anti-Biblical bias' and take a fresh look at their results, for clearly, some of them are wrong."
Cyrus the Great: Persia: Cyrus [Zol-qarnain in the Quran], lived 580-529 BC, was the first Achaemenian Emperor - grandson of Cyrus I (7th century BC) - came to power by overthrowing his maternal grandfather, the king of the Medes. Cyrus' palace was in Susa in Elam. In 560 B.C., Cyrus the Great became the king of Persia. He introduced a new political policy of reconciliation throughout the Empire and was the first ruler to introduce human rights policies. In 539 Cyrus launched very efficient attacks on Babylon... mentioned twenty-two times in the Old Testament and was favorably disposed toward the Jews (Ezra 1:1-2) Herodotus records the story of how Cyrus miraculously escaped death at birth and was raised by a shepherd. Two reliable sources of information on Cyrus are the Bible and Herodotus written in 5th Cent. BC.
Academic Deception: History Lies: Challenging the Math that Biased (Anti-Biblical) Historians use to demonstrate the Length of King Nebuchadrezzar's Reign. Nothing in this article actually contradicts the Egyptian, Assyrian or Babylonian Records of events that transpired during the period from 609 BCE to 562 BCE. This article does not in any way dispute the Archaeological Evidence.
Assyria, Babylon, 7th Century BCE: Josiah: Nebuchadrezzar: Concealed within the Biblical Texts are difficulties that go unnoticed when one in ignorance accepts the word of historians, as to the timing of the actual event, for in fact, there is absolutely no evidence to support the historical contention that King Josiah died in 609 BCE in what historians insist was an incident related to The Battle for Haran, in the 17th year of Nabopolassar. A cursory reading of Thiele (1966, preface - p.10), and Wiseman (1985, p.33), will offer some understanding of the lengths to which academics go, (and to which they will disagree), in order to understand and solve complex issues involved.
LXX and MSS Bible Texts: Septuagint, Masorete, Bible Dates: Because the academic world cannot understand Biblical chronology, they assume that the fault lies with the record. If the Biblical information is no longer correct, then modern Academics demonstrate a highly unscientific approach to history, when they quote Scripture to support various archaeological and Historical propositions. When they do this, they are quite clearly 'manipulating' the public". The earliest, and best known, source for the story of the Septuagint is the Letter of Aristeas, a lengthy document that recalls how Ptolemy (Philadelphus II [285?47 BCE]), desiring to augment his library in Alexandria, Egypt, commissioned a translation of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek.
Who were the Patriarchs of Israel? Adam to Noah to Abraham: Judges of Israel: Israel Timeline charts: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications: The file contains chronological details as listed in the Septuagint, the Masorete, Josephus and Seder Olam Rabbah. It relates how long the Patriarchs lived and how old they were when their sons were born. It forms a footnote to Six different articles at King's Calendar.
Patriarchs, Judges, Kings, Bible Dates: 1822 BCE Patriarch Isaac son of Patriarch Abraham Born Genesis 21:5 - 1767 BCE Jacob son of Isaac Born Genesis 25:26 - 1754 BCE Abraham Dies Genesis 25:7 - 1720 BCE Hyksos Invade Egypt - 1683 BCE Joseph son of Jacob Born Genesis 30:24 - 1657 BCE Isaac Dies Genesis 35:29 - 1650 BCE Aegean Island of Thera (Atlantis) Destroyed - 1649 BCE Egyptian Famine of Joseph's Dream Commences Genesis 41:48 - 1648 BCE Sojourn Commences Genesis Chapters 46, 47. - 1633 BCE Jacob father of Patriarch Joseph dies Genesis 49:33 - 1595 BCE Mesopotamia falls to Kassites
Ancient Near Eastern History: Synchronising reigns of Ancient Kings, Assyria, Babylon, Israel: The King's Calendar dates as herein provided, contain two specific elements not found in other sources relating to Biblical History and Bible Dates. The King's Calendar justifiably shifts the D.J. Wiseman dates for Kandalanu, Nabopolassar and Nebuchadrezzar by one year and it also demonstrates that the Redactors of the 5th to 3rd Century BCE changed the Original Solar years in Scripture into Artificial years.
King David's Palace: Revisionism: False History of Israel: A brilliant archaeologist, after years of hard work, has discovered that those who want to rewrite history to suit their political agendas, are wrong. In 1983 when Adam Zertal discovered an enormous sacrificial altar on Mount Eval, he was firstly ignored by the academic world and was then accused of being 'politically motivated' in his discovery. How can the discovery of an ancient artifact be ignored on the basis that its finder may or may not be 'politically motivated'?
Academic Bias and Prejudice: Many academics write articles which seem to contain conclusive results when in fact they are nothing but educated guesses. Sometimes educated guesses and circumstantial evidence are all we have to go on. I find no fault with that. But when people start quoting as fact, something which is only a theory, or worse, when other academics start quoting circumstantial evidence as proof of something, then we are led astray. Scientists who exhibit bias in their scientific work are violating a basic norm of the scientific community. They are injecting their opinions (values) rather than letting the facts speak for themselves. Science (from the Latin word for knowledge) is about getting things right, not setting them right.
Just about everything to do with King Hezekiah of Judah is interesting and perplexing, because Bible chronology for that period of time (745BCE to 701 BCE) is, to put it into the vernacular, 'completely screwed up'. Every man and his dog has tried to figure out the chronology of events for this period of time, and everyone comes up with different results. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.
Jubilee and Sabbath Years in the Bible: Leviticus 25:1 And the LORD spoke unto Moses in mount Sinai, saying: [:4] But in the seventh year shall be a sabbath of solemn rest for the land, a sabbath unto the LORD;Resting the Land every 7 years, Ancient Israelite Religious and Agricultural Practices: Israel Timeline charts: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications:
The figures provided in Seder Olam Rabbah, are quite obviously an attempt to 'fit' the Period of the Judges, into the available 397 years, after one subtracts the 40 years of David's reign, and the first 3 years of Solomon's reign, from the Reference in 1 Kings 6:1, which (at least in the Septuagint) says that 440 years elapsed between Entry into Canaan, and the commencement of Solomon's Temple. Given the lack of chronological data in relation to Samuel and Saul, it seems probable that there did exist some reference to Samuel's 32 year judgeship, which, like the record in 1 Samuel 13:1 [ Saul was ---- years old when he began to reign; and two years he reigned over Israel], was corrupt. It seems improbable that Josephus meant to exceed 397 years for the Period of the Judges, and therefore likely that he failed to notice that he had not included Samuel's Judgeship in his original tabulation. It is precisely because of his reference to 32 combined years for Samuel and Saul, that the King's Calendar assigns an 18 year judgeship to Ehud, not an 8 year one, for it would otherwise require that Samuel's judgeship be extended to 42 years; and I think Josephus' reference would indicate that to be incorrect.
The variety of chronological statements made by Seder Olam Rabbah about Samuel, ultimately stem from its' need to reduce the excessive totals in the Book of Judges for the Period of the Judges. Lead astray by errors and lack of data in the Scriptures, Seder Olam Rabbah concluded that Samuel judged Israel for a total of 10 or 11 years. According to Josephus, Samuel reigned 12 years independently, and shared 18 further years with Saul.
This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. In this article we look briefly at why the Chronologies in the Bible, Josephus and Seder Olam Rabbah are confusing. Bible Dates Topical Study tool for Students: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications. When the Synchronous Chronological Data provided in the Books of Kings and Chronicles for the Divided Kingdom Period are measured in years that measure 336 days, the synchronisms actually align. This can be clearly seen in the 400 line Calendar in Appendix Five. Seder Olam Rabbah, Josephus and everyone else, has relied upon the Biblical Chronological Data, but it was not recorded in a standard calendrical system. When you apply mathematics to the Biblical or Extra Biblical Synchronisms, those synchronisms work
The problem for all concerned with chronologising the ancient history of Israel (and this includes the redactors working on the Book of Judges and 1 Kings 6:1), is that there does not appear to be enough time in which to fit King Saul's reign. The reason for this, is that both the Septuagint and Masorete versions of 1 King 6:1 are flawed in their narratives [not their chronologies]. The mishmash of information provided by Seder Olam Rabbah for Samuel, Saul and David is a predictable and natural consequence of trying to fit too much raw data into an unnaturally small amount of space (time). A gigabyte of information cannot be stored on a megabyte of floppy disk. It doesn't work unless you can compress it. But how does a hard copy of a compressed file read? There are 3 reasons why the narrative of Seder Olam Rabbah makes no sense.
The Seder Olam Rabbah attempts to enlighten as to the chronological order of events that transpire between the death of the priest Eli and King David. In doing so however, it generates problems of its own. Before we discuss any issue here, we will look at the following 'point fashion' presentation of what the Seder Olam actually says. Whole sentences have been broken up to draw attention to chronological information.
This article, while brief in appearance, contains a wealth of information in relation to Israel's Period of the Judges. Its' principle purpose is to compare the Chronological data in the Biblical Book of Judges, with Seder Olam Rabbah, Josephus, and 'The King's Calendar'. The Book of Judges, Seder Olam Rabbah, and Josephus all contain differing chronological information in relation to the various Judges of Israel. According to the Book of Judges, there are 450 years transpiring between the Entry into Canaan under Joshua's leadership, and the end of Samuel's judgeship. However it does not specify how long either Joshua or Samuel judged Israel, so to the 450 years must be added an indeterminate time.
This article recommences with the Patriarchs, providing perspectives on their ages and when they were born; moves on to an indepth discussion of the 430 year Sojourn;discusses issues related to the Wilderness Wandering; introduces Joshua and the Judges, and devotes some effort to understanding a reference to 850 Years related to the time differential between Entry into Canaan and the Prophet Ezekiel.
This article presents the chronological data offered in the Seder Olam Rabbah, and compares it with the 'King's Calendar' Reconstruction of Israelite History, in which each Biblical year is given a value of 336 years. The main purpose is to see if each datum synchronises with surrounding data. This of itself, is a purely mathematical exercise, but within this article, you are given the benefit of seeing how that data is reflected in true time, as had already been calculated independently by the King's Calendar.
Seder Olam Rabbah : Jewish literature of second century A.D. midrashic chronological work, generally regarded as a work of the tanna Jose b. Halafta. [The "tannaim" were the masters of the "oral law," i.e. the men who wrote the Talmud.] It is a chronological record extending from Adam to the revolt of Bar Kokba in the reign of emperor Hadrian in the 130's A.D.. It is terribly flawed in the chronology it presents--thus the claim that Adam was only created in 3760 B.C. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah: Israel Timeline charts: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications:
The new discoveries in the excavations in the City of David illuminate the ancient history of Jerusalem and the reality described in the Bible. - Mazar
COMPLETE unabridged version of "The Law, Rules of Evidence & Archaeology": A Polemical rebuttal of Academic methodology in reconstructing the history of Ancient Israel. The Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE is important in relation to the History of the Ancient Near East and The 'King's Calendar' indicates that King Ahab of Israel, died in 863 BCE. The Kurkh Stele of Shalmaneser III claims that King Ahab was present at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE. The claims of the Kurkh Stele are promoted despite seven (7) justifiable academic objections to its content. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.
Bible Infallibility: Bible Skepticism: When it comes to matters Biblical, there is a whole section of the Christian community that 'worships' the Bible like an idol, insisting that each and every word was virtually 'G-d dictated', or inspired to such an extent, that IT CAN CONTAIN NO ERRORS! They say this despite the very plainly obvious errors, such as 1 Samuel 13:1 "Saul was one year old when he commenced to reign and reigned two years". Their explanations for these types of occurrences ultimately contradict their basic premise, that there can be no errors in the Bible
Academic Articles Math and Science: Bible Dates and Archaeology: Statistically speaking, it is impossible for the artificial chronological scheme running through these writings, to be anything other than the result of deliberate design. True Science does not fail to test a theory, simply because no one likes the subject or the theory (anti-Biblical bias). The True Scientific Mind, sets out to prove or disprove the hypothesis.
First thing to be aware of is that the Cultural Revolution changed the public perception of teachers. They became associated with the intellectual elite against whom Communism fought to gain control of the minds of the masses. If teachers don't have successful students, then the teacher is a failure and can get into trouble. Therefore, teachers do everything to make sure that their students perform well, and that includes turning a blind eye to cheating and sometimes actively participating in the cheating process.
In Defence of God: Bible and Archaeology: One statement of faith reads: "Being wholly and verbally God-given, Scripture is without error or fault in all its teaching... Note that it is wholly and verbally God-given. The books of Kings and Chronicles however make no mention of God's verbal instructions. Indeed they actually are quite clear in their assertion that they are a collation of other material. "That the work was superintended by the Holy Spirit" is given to mean that the Bible contains only those words that the Holy Spirit wanted put in there. If there is one argument I have never heard in explanation for discrepancies in the Historical documents of the Bible, it is that 'God ordered that it be recorded like that'. In fact, if there is one argument that the King's Calendar would put forward as justification for its' presentation, it is that the record as it appears, is exactly how God wanted it to appear. A mystery, concealed until the end of time, that the wisdom of the wise might be demonstrated to be foolishness, and that the foolishness of God might be demonstrated to be more wise than the wisdom of men.
I have seen enough 'dubious' scientific results and pressures on society which were ultimately overthrown, never to blindly trust in science, or any person irrespective of their qualifications. But in the matter of the historical content of the Bible, it is in fact a very difficult thing to ignore the evidence of archaeology and history, which demonstrates that the chronology of the Bible is incorrect, and of course, this is what 'The King's Calendar:The Secret of Qumran' is all about; demonstrating that while the Biblical data appears to be erroneous, it is in fact quite reliable
The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah. The Chomsky Fallacy by Keith Burgess-Jackson makes some very pertinent remarks in relation to Academic professionalism: "Scientists who exhibit bias in their scientific work are violating a basic norm of the scientific community. They are injecting their opinions (values) rather than letting the facts speak for themselves. Science (from the Latin word for knowledge) is about getting things right, not setting them right".
The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.
Definition: King's Calendar Chronological Research
The Premise: Between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE (but continuing down to at least 104 BCE), Sectarian redactors transcribed the legitimate 'solar year' chronological records of Israel and Judah, into an artificial form, with listed years as each comprised of 12 months of 4 weeks of 7 days, or 336 days per year, thus creating a 13th artificial year where 12 solar years existed.
When the Synchronous Chronological Data provided in the Books of Kings and Chronicles for the Divided Kingdom Period are measured in years of 336 days, the synchronisms actually align. [Refer to Appendix 5. to see how it synchronises the Divided Kingdom Period]
About the KingsCalendar Publisher
R.P.BenDedek is the owner and Editor of KingsCalendar.com which was originally set up to publicize his research results into the Chronology of Ancient Israel. Those results were published under the title: 'The King's Calendar: The Secret of Qumran'.
Whilst there have been many attempts to solve the chronological riddle of the Bible's synchronisms of reigns of the kings of Israel and Judah and their synchronism with other Ancient Near Eastern Nations, no other research is based on a simple mathematical formula which could, if it is incorrect, be disproved easily. To date, no one has been able to dismiss the mathematical results of this research.
Free to air Academic articles set forth Apologetics for and results of his discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Bible, Josephus, the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.
During the current economic downturn, this book has been drastically reduced in price but will eventually rise as the economy improves.
Check the Chapter Precis Page to see details of each chapter and to gain access to the Four Free to Air Chapters
R.P. BenDedek writes social commentaries and photographic 'Stories from China' both at KingsCalendar, and as a contributing columnist at Magic City Morning Star News in Maine USA.
(He has been teaching Conversational English in China since 2003 and currently (2013) is teaching in Suzhou City Jiangsu Province.)
