---

'Writers Journal' FRONTPAGE

Table of Content Chapter Precis

Violent Women Series

Photographic articles

Chart of the Divided Kingdom

Religion, Bible, Theology

---

The Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE is an important event in relation to the Chronology of the Ancient Near East. Current academic placement of King Ahab of Israel at the Battle of Qarqar is based upon completely false foundations. Academics unjustifiably rely upon the Kurkh Stele of Shalmaneser III and in the process contradict everything that they tell us to believe about Israel at this point in history. King Ahab of Israel died in 863 BCE, a decade prior to the Battle of Qarqar (853 BCE).

A Polemical rebuttal of Academic methodology in reconstructing the history of Israel, in relation to the Presence of King Ahab of Israel at 'The Battle of Qarqar' in 853 BCE. Academics use two 'Direct Documentary Evidences' to support King Ahab's presence at the Battle of Qarqar, but their testimonies conflict and thus they are unreliable evidence. But Even if they agreed, they could not legally be considered 'corroborative' evidence, as corroborative evidence must be independent evidence

In this article we will discuss circumstantial evidence that rebuts the testimony of the Kurkh Stela of Shalmaneser III in its' claim that Ahab was at the Battle. (Rules of Evidence and Archaeology: Direct Evidence: Circumstantial Evidence: Law and Regulations: Archaeology and Ancient History of Ancient Near East. All academic chronological reconstructions in relation to the Battle of Qarqar are based upon the presumption that the Bible stories in relation to Jehu, and the deaths of Kings are true, but if they are true and if the Battle of Qarqar occurred in the 23rd year of Jehoshaphat of Judah, and Jehoshaphat commenced reigning in the 4th year of Ahab, and he reigned 22 years and died in the 18th year of Jehoshaphat, then King Ahab died 5 years before the battle of Qarqar. The Academic Arguement holds no water.

It is the right of the prosecution and defense to call into question the character of a witness. Since the evidence provided by the witness of Shalmaneser's Kurkh Stele has been shown to at best be 'erroneous' and at worse 'fabricated', it is justifiable to question the 'competency' of this witness (Shalmaneser) in providing testimony on a related matter. Traditional chronologies for Ahab, Ben-Hadad II and Hazael, have all depended on the Kurkh Stele, and the dating for the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE., and the Biblical Narratives, together with the Moabite Stone, and other circumstantial evidence, discredits the 'opinion' that Ahab was at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE and that he died soon thereafter. The same witness (Shalmaneser III) who provided the Documentary evidence to prove that Ben-Hadad II of Syria was present in two battles in 848 BCE and 845 BCE, has already been proven to have been either 'false' or 'inaccurate' in his documentary identification of another king.

But that there is a mystery is beyond doubt! Even if you don't believe in God there is still a mystery surrounding the chronological data found in the Bible, because the Ancients went to so much trouble to research and record that data. Simple Mathematics demonstrates quite easily that the deliberate synchronisms don't synchronize at all! Why is that? And why do secular academics even bother to quote Biblical chronology to justify their various theories. Can we really believe that the redactors (the people who collected all the records and put them together c.450 BC) were complete idiots and mathematically challenged? Surely Not! There is abundant evidence that they were meticulous in everything.

I would go so far as to say that even the certainties of the past are apt to be rewritten to suit political agendas. The worst of the revisionists are those who prefer to rewrite history to suit their own political ideologies. In "PC Mind Control and Rewriting History" I pointed out that there is quite a lot of historical revisionism taking place in the world today, especially as it relates to Israel and the Bible. Discounting deliberate propaganda, people do have personal opinions and viewpoints which are reflected in the content of what they speak or write. The job of archaeologists and historians, is to sift through the hyperbole, and get as close to the facts of history as possible.

As stated by Professor Wiseman in his writings, the records we have of Nebuchadrezzar are quite incomplete. In fact, the actual length of Nebuchadrezzar's reign is determined by a fragment of a business document which refers to the 43rd year of Nebuchadrezzar. The Stated aim of this article is to challenge many false academic assumptions which have been accepted by the general community as academic fact. In short, this article strives to demonstrate where the Academics got it wrong! Miller and Hayes (1986, p.74) offer us insights into some of the less than scientific approaches that are taken by some academics that lead one to speculate that for some, admitting that the scriptural record of history might be right, may be sufficient incentive to ensure that that Scriptural Record be summarily rejected.

Antediluvian First Calendar provides an overview that connects the Mayan calendar with the earliest Bible calendar -- the Antediluvian Patriarchs. Ancient calendars in the Holy Bible had lunar/solar calendar origins. The work at http://www.timeemits.com develops tools from the three oldest known lunar/solar calendars: Jewish, Mayan and Egyptian. Chapter 5 in Genesis lists the ages of the Antediluvian Patriarchs. The "begat" family of Adam measured time with a lunar/solar calendar similar to the Mayan calendar.

The first thing to note about Nebuchadrezzar, is that no one is certain whether he reigned 43 years or 42 years. The current preferred reading is 43 years, but this is based on a business text relating to his 43rd year, that standing alone, offers no clue as to whether these 43 years "include or exclude" his accession year. The Second thing to note about the length of Nebuchadrezzar's reign, is that the date he commenced his reign, depends on whether he destroyed Jerusalem in 587 BCE or 586 BCE. If one must move the date for Nebuchadrezzar's Burning of Solomon's Temple, from 587 BCE as is fashionably preached today, to 586 BCE., (the former date ascribed to this event), it causes problems in relation to the reigns of Kandalanu and Nabopolassar, Nebuchadrezzar's predecessors.

This is the second of a three part series of articles in relation to the lack of evidence offered by Academics for their chronologies of Ancient Israel. If you find an Academic who uses the Bible to justify any two events that are significantly separated by Biblical Time, you will find that no matter how they use the Bible to justify their claims, the tabulation of the Biblical chronological Data listed as having occurred between the said two events, will not usually match. Since 701 BCE is alleged by the Bible to be the 14th of Hezekiah's 29 years, the only way to make the Biblical Data fit history, is to make Manasseh co-reign with Hezekiah. In other words, the chronological data must be compressed

Those who put no trust at all in the Bible, have as much difficulty with this time period as those who do. The problem is two fold. Firstly, the Biblical Chronologies make no sense, and secondly, the Non Biblical Records don't provide as much detail as the Biblical Ones. Generally speaking, the history of the Ancient Near East at this time in history, is both known and understood. The problem is that when one attempts to make the Biblical Chronological Data and its Narrative (the story that goes with that data) 'fit' what we do know of this period of history, (as opposed to what we suppose), the necessary conclusion reached is that not only do the Biblical 'Synchronisms' fail, but that some of the chronological data is wrong and must be compressed (reduced).

Statistically speaking, it is impossible for the artificial chronological scheme running through these writings, to be anything other than the result of deliberate design. True Science does not fail to test a theory, simply because no one likes the subject or the theory (anti-Biblical bias). The True Scientific Mind, sets out to prove or disprove the hypothesis

Onias III - Son and successor (198 B.C.) of Simon II, and grandson of Onias II. Josephus erroneously attributes to him the correspondence with Arius of Sparta (see above, ONIAS I). He is mentioned in II Mach., xv, 12, as a good and virtuous man, modest and gentle in his manner. During his pontificate Seleucus Philopator, King of Syria, sent his minister, Heliodorus, to Jerusalem with a view to obtain possession of the alleged treasures of the Temple (2 Maccabees 3). "No one has been able to find events that even remotely resemble those described in the Scroll around the year 207 BCE. (David Ramsay)" : "From the end of the Age of Wrath, (227 / 226 BCE) there is a Twenty year period of 'Groping' (to Line 409) to Artificial Year 31/10/209 to 2/10/208 after which time the 'Teacher of Righteousness' appears."

Everybody has a theory about who the Pharaoh of the Exodus was, and every theory seems to have some validity. The King's Calendar Chronological Reconstruction of Israel's history is unique, in that its' methodology can be scientifically (mathematically) tested and demonstrated to be either true or false. Its' chronological predictions are able to be 'proved' or 'disproved' - "take every word at its primary, ordinary, usual, literal meaning unless the facts of the immediate context indicate otherwise." - If someone writes today that they were living in Beijing in the 1930's, would we presume that they meant to write 'in the 1980's'? Does using an earlier or later place name demonstrate anything at all?

Despite the esteem in which we hold ourselves today, and the disdain for the carelessness and ignorance of the past, the fact is that Josephus has passed on to us a far superior chronological knowledge of the History of Ancient Israel than has previously been appreciated; a knowledge that in our brilliance, we have up until now not noticed.

The King's Calendar demonstrates that following the synchronisms provided in the Books of Kings and Chronicles does put Jehoash of Israel on the Throne by 806 BCE, thereby making possible the Primary Text reading of the Saba'a Inscription that in Adad-Nirari's 5th year (806/05 BCE), he reached Damascus. Scripture does not give us a date for this battle, but it seems likely that between Jehoash's first regnal year in 807/806 BCE (when the king of Syria (or perhaps Assyria) entered Jerusalem ), and Ben Hadad's defeat by Adad-Nirari (802 BCE. or 796 BCE), that he was not in any real position to wage war. This leaves a maximum total of between five (5) and eight ( 8 ) years during which the war could have occurred (801 - 793 BCE)

Jehu killed Jehoram (son of Ahab) of Israel, and Ahaziah of Judah (grandson of Ahab of Israel) and became King of Israel. The first chronologically related evidence for Jehu, shows that he paid tribute to the Assyrian King Shalmaneser in 841 BCE. An apparent new archaeological discovery suggests that it was not Jehu who slew Jehoram of Israel and Ahaziah of Judah, but Hazael king of Syria. "Archaeology is not an exact science, and deals more often in probabilities and possibilities than in irrefutable demonstrations (Peet. T.E. 1924. p 75).' Archaeologists and historians arbitrarily alter data to suit their pet theories. Fortunately this is not something that the kingscalendar has the luxury of doing

One result of the King's Calendar investigation into Josephus, was that it was seen that Josephus' reference to the 'Exodus' was actually a reference to the Hyksos Exodus from Egypt, and that as measured by the KingsCalendar, the year 1554 BCE is identified. 1 King's 6:1 actually records 480 Artificial years from the Entrance into Canaan to Solomon's 4th year. The Time frame for the Period of the Judges plus King Saul = 480 less 4 years for Solomon, and 40 years for David = 436 years. From this study of Josephus' data, it also seems reasonable to believe that he had access to at least Six (6) original, artificially correct, chronological pieces of datum, that are no longer available to us.

Onias III - Son and successor (198 B.C.) of Simon II, and grandson of Onias II. Josephus erroneously attributes to him the correspondence with Arius of Sparta (see above, ONIAS I). He is mentioned in II Mach., xv, 12, as a good and virtuous man, modest and gentle in his manner. During his pontificate Seleucus Philopator, King of Syria, sent his minister, Heliodorus, to Jerusalem with a view to obtain possession of the alleged treasures of the Temple (2 Maccabees 3). "No one has been able to find events that even remotely resemble those described in the Scroll around the year 207 BCE. (David Ramsay)" : "From the end of the Age of Wrath, (227 / 226 BCE) there is a Twenty year period of 'Groping' (to Line 409) to Artificial Year 31/10/209 to 2/10/208 after which time the 'Teacher of Righteousness' appears."

The ancient writings, which revealed HaShem's (God's) ongoing process of calling out Israel, were constantly at the mercy of mortal men. The King's Calendar assertion, is that one particular group, transliterated the chronological material into an artificial calendar. Where the Septuagint differs chronologically from the Masorete, it does so because it's references are provided in the original Solar year chronological reality. "Abrabanel saw in this verse's manner of expressing time an opportunity to teach about divine providence and history. He felt that God expressed Himself in history by making events happen in symmetrical patterns of time".

Peter James and his associates call for a complete revision of the current chronology of the Ancient Near East.. based upon evidence that the Sothic cycle upon which Egyptian Chronology is based, is in great error. The 'El'Amarna period' should be reduced from the mid fourteenth century to the eleventh century. This results in a substantial shift in current chronology, some of which is partly absorbed by determining that the twenty-first and twenty-second dynasties of Egypt were concurrent. If James is on the right track with his reduction in the period of the Dark Ages; that Shishak is 'a Rameses'; and that Shoshenq I is more accurately placed around 800 BCE, then I would suggest that his current figures in relation to Rameses II and Merenptah need to be put back about 40 years.

The time frame provided in the Biblical Data for the Period of the Judges is excessive of known history, even when using a 15th Century Exodus time frame. Most academics today use a 13th Century BCE Exodus Event Time Frame. 1 Kings 6:1 tells us that there are 480 years between either Entrance into Canaan (or the Exodus event) and Solomon's 4th year when the temple building commenced. The Book of Judges lists off 450 years to specific judges leaving 30 years into which to fit Joshua, Samuel, Saul, David and the first few years of Solomon's reign. Judges 11:26 states that Jephthah's judgeship takes place (approximately) 300 years after the capture of Heshbon. We therefore have a chronological reference, by which to fix a particular judgeship, for we already have a chronological marker for the capture of Heshbon, in 1412 BCE.

The issue that this article tackles involves a period of 480 years, which, according to the Seder Olam Rabbah, extended between Solomon's Temple and Zerrubabel's Temple. The only way to calculate a 480 year period between Solomon's Temple and the Post Exilic Temple, is to calculate back from either 522 BCE (commencement) or 516 BCE (completion) of Zerrubabel's Temple. The results are excessive

The Seder Rabbah Olam is Jewish literature of second century A.D. - a midrashic chronological work, generally regarded as a work of the tanna Jose b. Halafta. The data provided was 154 years excessive. According to this book, there were 3828 years from Creation to the 70AD destruction of the temple, and 1656 years from Creation to the flood. Therefore, from the Flood to 70AD there are 2172 years.

The 'King's Calendar' reconstruction of Biblical chronology for this time period, has as it's firm foundation, the established 'academic' fact that King Hezekiah of Judah had his 14th regnal year in 701 BCE. Working back through history, the 'King's Calendar' finds little fault with the Biblical chronological references, however, it becomes obvious that some of the king's have been misidentified. Part of academic confusion over this particular period of Israelite history, results directly from reliance upon the biblical narratives which clearly state that it was King Ahaz of Judah who appealed to Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria for assistance, during the Syro-Ephraimitic War against Rezin of Damascus, and Pekah of Israel

Between the end of King Uzziah's reign, and 701 BCE when Sennacherib invaded Judah during Hezekiah's 14th year, the Biblical chronological synchronisms make no historical sense, and most scholars simply dispense with them. The King's Calendar however sees the chronology as correct, and that the real problem is that the redactors confused the identities of Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah. For all their distrust of the biblical narratives, the 'facts' that academics question, tend usually to be chronologically related as opposed to 'narrative related'

Despite the obvious carelessness with which Josephus recorded some of his chronological material, it is apparent that he worked from original, chronologically correct data. As one begins to deconstruct his calculations, it becomes obvious that he had great difficulty in both understanding and applying the data that not only he himself researched and recorded in his own private notes, but that which was obviously supplied to him by other sources. Josephus had access to at least Six (6) ORIGINAL, chronological pieces of datum, that are no longer available to us.

The acknowledged problem with Josephus is that his chronological details are flawed! They don't make sense! They are excessive! But the real problem is the mindsets of those studying Josephus. If one starts with an assumption that one's viewpoint is correct, then when 'impasses' are encountered, one has to rationalise them in order to get past them. Very few people seem to have the ability to study the material without preconception; without imposing on it their own prejudices. The fact is that Josephus has passed on to us a far superior chronological knowledge of the History of Ancient Israel than has previously been appreciated

A number of institutions, including BiblioTheca Sacra, Dallas USA and Vetus Testamentum in Holland, turned down articles submitted to them, on the basis that that work was 'too technical' for their readership. Those interested in understanding the Chronological Material found in the works of Josephus, may freely check out Appendices 12 and 17

The King's Calendar' is a synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah

Despite the esteem in which we hold ourselves today, and the disdain for the carelessness and ignorance of the past, the fact is that Josephus has passed on to us a far superior chronological knowledge of the History of Ancient Israel than has previously been appreciated; a knowledge that in our brilliance, we have up until now not noticed.

While by all accounts Amenhotep II was far worse by nature and practice than even the Biblical Narrative indicates, by the measure of Petrie's chronology, the Exodus would have taken place during Amenhotep II's co-regency during the last two years of the reign of Thothmes III. During these years, and again during his 7th and 9th years, Amenhotep left Egypt to campaign in Asia, leaving the administration of the kingdom in the hands of the Grandvizier.

ddressing two small but connected issues in relation to the Biblical Exodus from Egypt: The Hyksos - and - Pharaoh Rameses II: When you calculate the total of reigns to Rameses (which are provided in both year and months of reigns), there expires a total of 254 years

Specifically, in Part One, we will examine nine references. In addition to demonstrating their validity (and erroneous calculations), and exploring novel data (not contained in the biblical narratives), the purpose will be to highlight Josephus' obvious ignorance (and hence by extension, the rest of Jewish society generally), of the encryption which the biblical chronological data had in fact undergone. In Part Two, Thirty-Two other observations will be made concerning other chronological references.

'Despite all discrepancies, ambiguities, contradictions and plain mistakes, the fact remains that Josephus was a highly reliable witness, not only with respect to events in Palestine and Jerusalem of his own time, but also, though to a somewhat lesser extent, with regard to earlier times, for which he depended on available traditional sources. In sum, despite ambiguities and exaggerations, his is the most comprehensive surviving account in existence...' Cornfeld 1982.

The fact remains that Josephus was a highly reliable witness, not only with respect to events in Palestine and Jerusalem of his own time, but also, though to a somewhat lesser extent, with regard to earlier times, for which he depended on available traditional sources.

King's Calendar Research: The Premise: Between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE (but continuing down to at least 104 BCE), Sectarian redactors transcribed the legitimate 'solar year' chronological records of Israel and Judah, into an artificial form, with listed years as each comprised of 12 months of 4 weeks of 7 days, or 336 days per year, thus creating a 13th artificial year where 12 solar years existed.

If someone is going to state a date for any event in the history of Israel, then they can't provide that date in 'isolation'. This is to say that if someone uses the Bible to demonstrate that their date for something is correct, then you have to check to see if that date is supported by all of the surrounding Bible Chronology. Just about every academic alters the Biblical data wherever and whenever they choose. If the Bible is written by qualified commentators, then we ought to be able to conclude that the chronological information contained within it ought to be as trustworthy as any other ancient record, and its failure to synchronise results from Our failure to correctly apply that information. When was Solomon's Temple commenced? - 970 BCE When was Solomon's Temple completed? - 964 BCE When was Solomon's Temple destroyed? - 586 BCE

If 1 Samuel 13:1 however is meant to indicate that Saul reigned Thirty-Two years there might be some reasons why it appears corrupt. It may be that 1 Samuel 13:1 originally referred to Samuel, who was 31 years old when he became judge, and judged Israel for 32 years. Most commentators on Antiquities 6:14:9 believe it should read – Saul reigned Two and Twenty years. The King's Calendar relying on an artificial construct and Second Chronicles 36:21 determines that Saul commenced as King in 1038 BCE and that he reigned 28 Solar years or 30 artificial years (which was recorded as 32 years because the 29th Solar year when he was annointed Prince was a double artificial year.)

Jehu killed Jehoram (son of Ahab) of Israel, and Ahaziah of Judah (grandson of Ahab of Israel) and became King of Israel. The first chronologically related evidence for Jehu, shows that he paid tribute to the Assyrian King Shalmaneser in 841 BCE. An apparent new archaeological discovery suggests that it was not Jehu who slew Jehoram of Israel and Ahaziah of Judah, but Hazael king of Syria. "Archaeology is not an exact science, and deals more often in probabilities and possibilities than in irrefutable demonstrations (Peet. T.E. 1924. p 75).' Archaeologists and historians arbitrarily alter data to suit their pet theories. Fortunately this is not something that the kingscalendar has the luxury of doing.

Adad-Nirari Western Campaigns: The King's Calendar demonstrates that following the synchronisms provided in the Books of Kings and Chronicles does put Jehoash of Israel on the Throne by 806 BCE, thereby making possible the Primary Text reading of the Saba'a Inscription that in Adad-Nirari's 5th year (806/05 BCE), he reached Damascus. Scripture does not give us a date for this battle, but it seems likely that between Jehoash's first regnal year in 807/806 BCE (when the king of Syria (or perhaps Assyria) entered Jerusalem ), and Ben Hadad's defeat by Adad-Nirari (802 BCE. or 796 BCE), that he was not in any real position to wage war. This leaves a maximum total of between five (5) and eight ( 8 ) years during which the war could have occurred (801 - 793 BCE)

The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah. Because this artificial calendar is presented from within a Gregorian calendar, it cannot be asserted that these New Year dates approximate the associated months in the Babylonian Calendar, (by reason of the variable length of the Babylonian Year). Generally, Biblical Chronological Data in relation to specific Kings, is provided in 'whole' years, not parts thereof. By this is meant that there is almost no reference to specific events occurring in specific months.

It is essential that I lay every weakness of the 'King's Calendar' on the line, in order that those who will gainsay it, will be required to do so, from a truly scientific academic position, rather than a prejudiced dismissive one. There are Nine (9) assumptions and Eight Limitations. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.

Once you go beyond the divided kingdom period mathematical calculations become less certain by virtue of the general lack of synchronous references. For the Period from King Solomon to Abraham however, there are corroborating references which tend to provide chronological support. Once one begins to discuss the Flood and events beyond however, we enter into the unknown, primarily because we are entering a period where history, religion and Science come into conflict.If the reference to the 292 years from Noah's flood to Abraham are ordinary solar years, then the flood occurred in approximately 2206 BCE. In addition to the complete lack of archaeological evidence by which to determine the date of Abraham's birth or the founding of Jerusalem and a lack of solid evidence for a worldwide flood, very few people seriously consider Biblical chronology in relation to the creation event or date to be factual

Quick Reference file only: No Discussion. What do the Scriptures record about the various kings of Israel and Judah. The King's Calendar is a computer generated mathematical historical reconstruction that uses an artificial year to demonstrate that the Bible synchronisms for the Divided Kingdom actually work. The results of the Artificial Calendar have also been displayed as a True Solar Calendar that demonstrates the Original Data from which the Artificial Calendar was constructed.

2 Chronicles Chapter 33:11 tells us that the king of Assyria took Manasseh with hooks, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon. This description of Manasseh's barbaric humiliation, is corroborated by Rawlinson, who points out that this practice is not biblical fiction, but an Assyrian custom from which not even royalty was exempt. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah

In the study of the Ancient Near East, or what might be called today, the Middle East, many many documents are relied upon, and all have one problem in common. Their Timelines! Another and more correct term for Time line, is 'Chronology'. The Ancient World did not record time in the way we do now, and additionally, no one seemed bright enough back then, to link all their chronological records in such a way, as to present a continuous time line. Except that is, for the Jews of Ancient Israel. The problem with the Ancient History of Israel concerns what is called 'Biblical Contradictions'. Biblical contradictions can refer to either 'internally non synchronistic data' or data that is inconsistent with data recorded in other parts of the world.

The data presented for this period on the Solar Chart demonstrates that if the 52 years of Uzziah are meant to be taken as Solar years, then the synchronizations with the reigns from Zechariah to Pekah are incorrect

Hoshea reigned 9 solar years. His 7th solar year was 724 BCE when Samaria was besieged by the Assyrians. This was Ahaz' 4th SOLAR year not Hezekiah's. In Hoshea's 9th solar year - 722 BCE - Samaria went into exile. This was Ahaz 7th SOLAR year - not Hezekiah's

Linear Causality: output that is directly proportional to the input: The King's Calendar Chronological Reconstruction of Israel's history is unique, in that its' methodology can be scientifically (mathematically) tested and demonstrated to be either true or false. Its' chronological predictions are able to be 'proved' or 'disproved' - "take every word at its primary, ordinary, usual, literal meaning unless the facts of the immediate context indicate otherwise." - If someone writes today that they were living in Beijing in the 1930's, would we presume that they meant to write 'in the 1980's'? Does using an earlier or later place name demonstrate anything at all?

When one searches for the commencement date for Rameses II, a variety of possible dates are provided, ranging from 1328 BCE to 1290 BCE. Clearly, the archaeological evidence is able to be interpreted in a variety of ways, resulting in different conclusions. However, the much maligned Josephus determines from extant records, that Rameses II commenced +/- a few months, in 1300 BCE. Despite the current belief that Josephus' chronological data is incomprehensible, the King's calendar demonstrates that despite his carelessness, it is possible to deconstruct and reconstruct his chronological details.

The purpose here is to provide graphic demonstration of the 'confused' state of events that are listed in the Bible for this period of time. Academics usually explain everything away by saying that everybody was co-reigning with everybody else and so one cannot be sure as to what any given chronological reference refers or they insist that the redactors who put all the material together were idiots who didn't know anything much at all about chronology. If Pekah died in 732 BCE, in the 20 th year of Jotham, then Jotham died in 732 BCE

Biblical Data for the Period of the Judges is excessive of known history. Most academics use a 13th Century BCE Exodus Event Time Frame. The Book of Judges lists off 450 years to specific judges leaving 30 years into which to fit Joshua, Samuel, Saul, David and the first few years of Solomon's reign. It is apparent that some periods of oppression are recorded as if they were independent periods of time when in fact they were contemporary with certain judgeships

These discrepancies support the concept that accounts of events during Ahaz' reign are composite stories drawn from original but unclear material. As such, they do not suffice as solid foundations upon which to base accurate academic conclusions of the sequence of events during this period in the Ancient Near East. Tiglath-Pileser's 734-732 BCE campaign did result in the destruction of Damascus, the death of Rezin, and a dynastic change in Israel, but the synchronisms preclude Ahaz from being the Judean King who appealed to Tiglath-Pileser. Intelligent people know that the Biblical chronological data makes no sense, and the reality is that despite a lack of 'precision and perfection', the archaeologists and historians have sufficient evidence to demonstrate that Biblical Chronology is wrong at this juncture.

If we assume that the events of 1 King's 20:1 (Ben-Hadad's siege of Samaria) and 1 Kings 20:26 (Battle at Aphek) are consecutive annual events, then it can be assumed that the siege of Samaria in 1 Kings 20:1 occurs in 868 BCE. Events leading up to Ahab's death, relies upon the record of the Biblical Narrative, and the assumption that First Kings Chapter twenty-two is the chronological continuation of Chapter Twenty (The Encyclopaedia Judaica:'Ahab' Vol 2, p.438 ). That is to say, that the Three years of peace spoken of in 1 Kings 22:1, is the result of the pact with Ben-Hadad of Syria, in 1 Kings 20:34

In Antiquities Book 9:14:1 [280] (Whiston, 1993, p.264) Josephus states that: "..the ten tribes of the Israelites were removed out of Judea nine hundred and forty-seven years after their forefathers were come out of the land of Egypt, and possessed themselves of the country.." The Date for this removal was 722 BCE, the Fall of Samaria under Hoshea of Israel. This figure of 947 years elapsing between the exodus and the fall of samaria in 722 BCE is written off by everyone as a complete fantasy, for it would require that the exodus occurred in 1669 BCE.

And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month Ziv, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD. The usual explanation for the contradiction between the Septuagint and the Masorete is that the Septuagint records only the years since entry into Canaan while the authorised version includes the Forty (40) years in the wilderness, and thus is a reference to the exodus itself. The 'King's Calendar' contention is that there were 440 Solar years between Israelite entrance into Canaan in 1412 BCE, and the commencement of Solomon's reign, and 480 artificial years between 1412 BCE and Solomon's Fourth (4th) year

If we start with the presumption that the Exodus is a fact and that it occurred within the 18th dynasty, and that according to traditional Egyptian chronology, Amenhotep II was the new pharaoh, then there is indication that the Biblical Story revolves not around Moses conflict with Amenhotep II, but with the Egyptian Grandvizier Rekhmire. The King's Calendar' is a synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah

Some Academics think that the hypothesis of the King's Calendar is absurd, but if you look at the following three articles, you can see for yourself not just how the King's Calendar works, but the complete BS that Academics use to promote their own theories

According to Antiquities 1:6:5 Abraham was born 292 ARTIFICIAL years after the flood. By this standard the flood occurred in 2184 BCE (unless the data was recorded in true solar years, in which case it will have occurred in 2205 BCE). Josephus reiterates the stipulated Biblical data of 292 years separating the Flood Event and the Birth of Abraham

In addition to demonstrating their validity (and erroneous calculations), and exploring novel data (not contained in the biblical narratives), the purpose will be to highlight Josephus' obvious ignorance (and hence by extension, the rest of Jewish society generally), of the encryption which the biblical chronological data had in fact undergone. The King's Calendar' is a synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.

This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. It contains both basic information on the Seder Olam Rabbah, and links to articles about the Seder Olam Rabbah. For Information on King Cyrus, SEE: King Cyrus the Great : Reference File.

This article consists of a chart which lists the chronological details contained in the Seder Olam Rabbah. The Chart has 3 columns. Comparing The Bible: Josephus: Seder Olam Rabbah. The chart provides relevant details for comparison between the three sources of information. It a Topic Excerpt from the much larger article entitled: Seder Olam Rabbah (No.2) : Adam to Joseph

This section presents a chart demonstrating the King's Calendar representation of pertinent chronological events mentioned in the Seder Olam Rabbah. These events relate to Abraham; his birth, his covenant. (For a full explanation see the original full length article.)

This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. It is a Topical Excerpt from "Adam to Joseph : Seder Olam Rabbah (No.2)" - The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.

Exodus From the Birth of Moses 80 years: Enslavement of the Israelites to Exodus 86 years. From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to the Exodus 113 years. From the Death of Levi to the Exodus 116 years. - This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. It is a Topic Excerpt from The Sojourn in Egypt to The Judgeship of Joshua - Seder Olam Rabbah (No.3)

This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. It is a Topic Excerpt from Seder Olam Rabbah (No.3) (The Sojourn in Egypt to The Judgeship of Joshua). This particular Topical Excerpt merely draws attention to chronologically related information from the Seder Olam Rabbah, and then provides a 'real history time date' for such events.

A Topical Excerpt from Seder Olam Rabbah (No.3) (The Sojourn in Egypt to The Judgeship of Joshua) The discussion here revolves around the assertion that there was a Jubilee Year in connection with the life of Ezekiel that demonstrates connection with the ancient History of Israel.

A Topic Excerpt from Seder Olam Rabbah (No.4) The Period of the Judges. According to the Book of Judges, there are 450 years transpiring between the Entry into Canaan under Joshua's leadership, and the end of Samuel's judgeship. However it does not specify how long either Joshua or Samuel judged Israel

This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. It is a Topic Excerpt from Seder Olam Rabbah (No.4) The Period of the Judges. Biblical Chronology for the Period of the Judges is understood to be excessively erroneous, and the chronologies of both Josephus and Seder Olam Rabbah make it apparent that this has been known for a very long time.

In this article we look briefly at what the Seder Olam Actually Says for the time period, Samuel to David, and discuss the chronological problems with the presentation. This particular excerpt comes from Seder Olam Rabbah (No.5): Samuel, and Ark of the Covenant. The difficulty with this time period, is that the reference in 1 Samuel 7:2, to the Ark remaining at Kiriath-jearim 20 years until David's 7th year, is the only Biblical reference from which a chronology can be built, because the balance of the Biblical chronological data for this time period, is either corrupt or missing.

This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. It is a Topic Excerpt from Seder Olam Rabbah (No.5) Samuel, and Ark of the Covenant. In addition to the obvious contradiction in relation to the length of Samuel's judgeship [10 / 11 years], the data as presented in relation to the chronologies for Samuel and Saul are contested by Josephus, are doubtful when one examines the issue of how long the Ark of the Covenant was at Kiriath Jearim, and is self contradictory when considered in the light of the narratives which describe King Saul's activities throughout his reign.

This particular excerpt comes from Seder Olam Rabbah (No.6): Time Compression: Samuel, Saul and David. The mishmash of information provided by Seder Olam Rabbah for Samuel, Saul and David is a predictable and natural consequence of trying to fit too much raw data into an unnaturally small amount of space (time). A gigabyte of information cannot be stored on a megabyte of floppy disk. It doesn't work unless you can compress it. There are 5 reasons why the narrative of Seder Olam Rabbah makes no sense.

The King's Calendar computer generated mathematical application of the Biblical and Extra Biblical Data calculates the data for this time frame under discussion, to include: Entrance to Canaan – 1412 BCE / Judgeship of Joshua – 25 years (as per Josephus) / Book of Judges Data – 450 years less 102 years = 348 years / Samuel 32 years / Saul 31 years / David 40 years / Counting 4 years of Solomons Reign To arrive at a total of 480 Artificial Years Which Extends between Entrance into Canaan in 1412 BCE until and including Solomon's 4th year in 973 BCE

The Chronologies in the Bible, Josephus and Seder Olam Rabbah are confusing. This is a 'unique' article to the Short Topical Seder Olam Rabbah Studies. It is not excerpt from the Larger articles. It does contain excerpts from Seder Olam Rabbah (No.6) Time Compression: Samuel, Saul and David. The Biblical Data as it stands, exceeds available history for the parameters it sets. The KingsCalendar however, which is a computer generated mathematical formula, assigns each Biblical Year a value of 336 days, which reduces the overall Biblical Data by roughly 8%. When the Synchronous Chronological Data provided in the Books of Kings and Chronicles for the Divided Kingdom Period are measured in years that measure 336 days, the synchronisms actually align.

Topical Study tool for Students: King David, King Solomon: The variety of chronological statements made by Seder Olam Rabbah about Samuel, ultimately stem from its' need to reduce the excessive totals in the Book of Judges for the Period of the Judges. Lead astray by errors and lack of data in the Scriptures, Seder Olam Rabbah concluded that Samuel judged Israel for a total of 10 or 11 years. According to Seder Olam Rabbah, Saul reigned 1 or 2 years with Samuel. Josephus records that he reigned 18 years together with Samuel, and 2 years independently. Beyond that, there is nothing especial in the Seder Olam Rabbah from a chronological perspective, with the exception that it does provide data in relation to Joseph and Levi not found elsewhere.

Seder Olam Rabbah : Jewish literature of second century A.D. midrashic chronological work, generally regarded as a work of the tanna Jose b. Halafta. [The "tannaim" were the masters of the "oral law," i.e. the men who wrote the Talmud.] It is a chronological record extending from Adam to the revolt of Bar Kokba in the reign of emperor Hadrian in the 130's A.D.. It is terribly flawed in the chronology it presents--thus the claim that Adam was only created in 3760 B.C. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah: Israel Timeline charts: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications

This article presents the chronological data offered in the Seder Olam Rabbah, and compares it with the 'King's Calendar' Reconstruction of Israelite History, in which each Biblical year is given a value of 336 years. The main purpose is to see if each datum synchronises with surrounding data. This of itself, is a purely mathematical exercise, but within this article, you are given the benefit of seeing how that data is reflected in true time, as had already been calculated independently by the King's Calendar.

This article recommences with the Patriarchs, providing perspectives on their ages and when they were born; moves on to an indepth discussion of the 430 year Sojourn;discusses issues related to the Wilderness Wandering; introduces Joshua and the Judges, and devotes some effort to understanding a reference to 850 Years related to the time differential between Entry into Canaan and the Prophet Ezekiel.

This article, while brief in appearance, contains a wealth of information in relation to Israel's Period of the Judges. Its' principle purpose is to compare the Chronological data in the Biblical Book of Judges, with Seder Olam Rabbah, Josephus, and 'The King's Calendar'. The Book of Judges, Seder Olam Rabbah, and Josephus all contain differing chronological information in relation to the various Judges of Israel. According to the Book of Judges, there are 450 years transpiring between the Entry into Canaan under Joshua's leadership, and the end of Samuel's judgeship. However it does not specify how long either Joshua or Samuel judged Israel, so to the 450 years must be added an indeterminate time.

The Seder Olam Rabbah attempts to enlighten as to the chronological order of events that transpire between the death of the priest Eli and King David. In doing so however, it generates problems of its own. Before we discuss any issue here, we will look at the following 'point fashion' presentation of what the Seder Olam actually says. Whole sentences have been broken up to draw attention to chronological information.

The problem for all concerned with chronologising the ancient history of Israel (and this includes the redactors working on the Book of Judges and 1 Kings 6:1), is that there does not appear to be enough time in which to fit King Saul's reign. The reason for this, is that both the Septuagint and Masorete versions of 1 King 6:1 are flawed in their narratives [not their chronologies]. The mishmash of information provided by Seder Olam Rabbah for Samuel, Saul and David is a predictable and natural consequence of trying to fit too much raw data into an unnaturally small amount of space (time). A gigabyte of information cannot be stored on a megabyte of floppy disk. It doesn't work unless you can compress it. But how does a hard copy of a compressed file read? There are 3 reasons why the narrative of Seder Olam Rabbah makes no sense.

The variety of chronological statements made by Seder Olam Rabbah about Samuel, ultimately stem from its' need to reduce the excessive totals in the Book of Judges for the Period of the Judges. Lead astray by errors and lack of data in the Scriptures, Seder Olam Rabbah concluded that Samuel judged Israel for a total of 10 or 11 years. According to Josephus, Samuel reigned 12 years independently, and shared 18 further years with Saul.

History from the time of King Uzziah to the time of Hezekiah, contains quite a lot of confusing chronological material, and no one has quite figured it all out yet. Most scholars simply dispense with what the Bible says, and do what they do best - 'Make it up as they go'. - Fall of Samaria: Sennacherib invades Judah: Hezekiah's Healing: King Ahaz: King Jotham: Merodach-Baladan

Egyptian Coin Discovery: Archaeology reveals Joseph in Egypt: Some of the coins are from the time when Joseph lived in Egypt, and bear his name and portrait. "Research team head Dr. Sa'id Muhammad Thabet said ... many charms from various eras before and after the period of Joseph, including one that bore his effigy as the minister of the treasury in the Egyptian pharaoh's court. "The researcher identified coins from many different periods, including coins that bore special markings identifying them as being from the era of Joseph. Among these, there was one coin that had an inscription on it, and an image of a cow symbolizing Pharaoh's dream about the seven fat cows and seven lean cows, and the seven green stalks of grain and seven dry stalks of grain

Moses was Born 1523 BCE - Fled to Midian in 1486 BCE - Commenced the Exodus in 1449 BCE and died in 1413/1412 BCE: In 1514 BCE when Moses was around Nine years old, Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis II had a daughter...the future seemed secure to Hatshepsut when her Daughter Neferure was born, for through marriage to Moses she would have provided Egypt with a New King. Neferure died at the age of Eleven years in 1503 BCE. In 1487 BCE, around the time that Hatshepsutat died, 40 year old Moses fled Egypt. Forty years later he returned to confront Amenhotep II who was far worse by nature than the Biblical Pharaoh. The Exodus took place during Amenhotep II's co-regency during the last two years of the reign of Thothmes III. During this time, Amenhotep left Egypt to campaign in Asia. The administration of Egypt was left to Grandvisier Rekhmire, whose tomb reveals that he met his end with disgrace. The Book of Judges provides an incomplete chronology of the Judges of Ancient Israel, yet still records 450 years of consecutive data. Extra-Biblical records indicate a further 60 to 80 years for Joshua, Samuel and King Saul. Add 40 years for King David's reign and 4 years to the Commencement of the building of Solomon's remple, a total of between 554 and 574 years elapse between the Israelite entrance into Canaan and the 4th year of Solomon. The King's Calendar artificial construct reduces the overall value of the data, and demonstrates that the period of the Judges compactly fits into 480 artificial years, as indicated in the Masoretic version 1 Kings 6:1.

It is the hypothesis of this research that the Jubilee Calendar of the Essenes which measures 364 days per year, was artificially divided into thirteen months (13) of four (4) weeks of seven (7) days, with the thirteenth month being 'carried over' so to speak, so that every twelve (12) solar years, an extra year (13th) is created. By this process, real Jewish history was extended. Biblical Synchronisms from this perspective, do actually synchronise. This book demonstrates the effectiveness of using a 336 day period for each 'YEAR' mentioned in Scripture and that the Synchronous Chronology of the Divided Kingdom, as presented in the Bible, is correct. Although a connection is seen between the Jubilees Calendar's 364 day year and a 336 day year, how is it possible to say let alone prove that there is a specific connection to the Essenes - or a particular group of them - the Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran, or the Dead Sea Sect, when no one yet understands exactly who and what these really were. The King's Calendar however can make sense of the chronology of the 390 years of the Damascus Document, even if others cannot.

2 Kings 1:17 says that Jehoram of Israel commenced in the 2nd year of Jehoram of Judah - Jehoshaphat and his son reigned together from Jehoshaphat's 17th year because in that year Ahaziah of Israel commenced to reign. 2 Kings 8:16 says that In 5th year of Jehoram of Israel - Jehoram of Judah commenced to reign. This would have been Jehoram of Judah's ascension year, the 22nd and final year of Jehoshaphat. The King's Calendar demonstrates that Bible years are artificial periods of 336 days. When Bible Chronology is treated in this manner, all the data synchronises, both internally between the Northern and Southern Kingdoms of Israel for the period of the Divided Kingdom, and externally with the Assyrian / Babylonian kings as well.

There are errors in Bible Chronology. An internet search will turn up lots of sites demonstrating discrepancies in the Scriptures, and others offering defenses to such allegations. Some types of 'contradiction' claims arise because the people making them are not skilled. So they can be forgiven. Some claims of contradiction arise from the 'tunnel vision', some seem legitimate but are only apparently so, but not factually so; and finally, there are definitely some transcription errors, which inherently means that the Bible is not infallible.

"once we start to treat historical Biblical documents with the same dignity as any other nation's historical documents, it is possible to see that the chronological data recorded therein, is reliable and trustworthy, and, for the most part, agrees with modern calculations in relation to Ancient Near Eastern Chronology. It is the hope of the King's Calendar, that historians and other academics will overcome their 'loss of face' and 'anti-Biblical bias' and take a fresh look at their results, for clearly, some of them are wrong."

Cyrus the Great: Persia: Cyrus [Zol-qarnain in the Quran], lived 580-529 BC, was the first Achaemenian Emperor - grandson of Cyrus I (7th century BC) - came to power by overthrowing his maternal grandfather, the king of the Medes. Cyrus' palace was in Susa in Elam. In 560 B.C., Cyrus the Great became the king of Persia. He introduced a new political policy of reconciliation throughout the Empire and was the first ruler to introduce human rights policies. In 539 Cyrus launched very efficient attacks on Babylon... mentioned twenty-two times in the Old Testament and was favorably disposed toward the Jews (Ezra 1:1-2) Herodotus records the story of how Cyrus miraculously escaped death at birth and was raised by a shepherd. Two reliable sources of information on Cyrus are the Bible and Herodotus written in 5th Cent. BC.

Academic Deception: History Lies: Challenging the Math that Biased (Anti-Biblical) Historians use to demonstrate the Length of King Nebuchadrezzar's Reign. Nothing in this article actually contradicts the Egyptian, Assyrian or Babylonian Records of events that transpired during the period from 609 BCE to 562 BCE. This article does not in any way dispute the Archaeological Evidence.

Assyria, Babylon, 7th Century BCE: Josiah: Nebuchadrezzar: Concealed within the Biblical Texts are difficulties that go unnoticed when one in ignorance accepts the word of historians, as to the timing of the actual event, for in fact, there is absolutely no evidence to support the historical contention that King Josiah died in 609 BCE in what historians insist was an incident related to The Battle for Haran, in the 17th year of Nabopolassar. A cursory reading of Thiele (1966, preface - p.10), and Wiseman (1985, p.33), will offer some understanding of the lengths to which academics go, (and to which they will disagree), in order to understand and solve complex issues involved.

LXX and MSS Bible Texts: Septuagint, Masorete, Bible Dates: Because the academic world cannot understand Biblical chronology, they assume that the fault lies with the record. If the Biblical information is no longer correct, then modern Academics demonstrate a highly unscientific approach to history, when they quote Scripture to support various archaeological and Historical propositions. When they do this, they are quite clearly 'manipulating' the public". The earliest, and best known, source for the story of the Septuagint is the Letter of Aristeas, a lengthy document that recalls how Ptolemy (Philadelphus II [285?47 BCE]), desiring to augment his library in Alexandria, Egypt, commissioned a translation of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek.

Who were the Patriarchs of Israel? Adam to Noah to Abraham: Judges of Israel: Israel Timeline charts: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications: The file contains chronological details as listed in the Septuagint, the Masorete, Josephus and Seder Olam Rabbah. It relates how long the Patriarchs lived and how old they were when their sons were born. It forms a footnote to Six different articles at King's Calendar.

Patriarchs, Judges, Kings, Bible Dates: 1822 BCE Patriarch Isaac son of Patriarch Abraham Born Genesis 21:5 - 1767 BCE Jacob son of Isaac Born Genesis 25:26 - 1754 BCE Abraham Dies Genesis 25:7 - 1720 BCE Hyksos Invade Egypt - 1683 BCE Joseph son of Jacob Born Genesis 30:24 - 1657 BCE Isaac Dies Genesis 35:29 - 1650 BCE Aegean Island of Thera (Atlantis) Destroyed - 1649 BCE Egyptian Famine of Joseph's Dream Commences Genesis 41:48 - 1648 BCE Sojourn Commences Genesis Chapters 46, 47. - 1633 BCE Jacob father of Patriarch Joseph dies Genesis 49:33 - 1595 BCE Mesopotamia falls to Kassites

Ancient Near Eastern History: Synchronising reigns of Ancient Kings, Assyria, Babylon, Israel: The King's Calendar dates as herein provided, contain two specific elements not found in other sources relating to Biblical History and Bible Dates. The King's Calendar justifiably shifts the D.J. Wiseman dates for Kandalanu, Nabopolassar and Nebuchadrezzar by one year and it also demonstrates that the Redactors of the 5th to 3rd Century BCE changed the Original Solar years in Scripture into Artificial years.

King David's Palace: Revisionism: False History of Israel: A brilliant archaeologist, after years of hard work, has discovered that those who want to rewrite history to suit their political agendas, are wrong. In 1983 when Adam Zertal discovered an enormous sacrificial altar on Mount Eval, he was firstly ignored by the academic world and was then accused of being 'politically motivated' in his discovery. How can the discovery of an ancient artifact be ignored on the basis that its finder may or may not be 'politically motivated'?

Academic Bias and Prejudice: Many academics write articles which seem to contain conclusive results when in fact they are nothing but educated guesses. Sometimes educated guesses and circumstantial evidence are all we have to go on. I find no fault with that. But when people start quoting as fact, something which is only a theory, or worse, when other academics start quoting circumstantial evidence as proof of something, then we are led astray. Scientists who exhibit bias in their scientific work are violating a basic norm of the scientific community. They are injecting their opinions (values) rather than letting the facts speak for themselves. Science (from the Latin word for knowledge) is about getting things right, not setting them right.

Just about everything to do with King Hezekiah of Judah is interesting and perplexing, because Bible chronology for that period of time (745BCE to 701 BCE) is, to put it into the vernacular, 'completely screwed up'. Every man and his dog has tried to figure out the chronology of events for this period of time, and everyone comes up with different results. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.

Jubilee and Sabbath Years in the Bible: Leviticus 25:1 And the LORD spoke unto Moses in mount Sinai, saying: [:4] But in the seventh year shall be a sabbath of solemn rest for the land, a sabbath unto the LORD;Resting the Land every 7 years, Ancient Israelite Religious and Agricultural Practices: Israel Timeline charts: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications:

The figures provided in Seder Olam Rabbah, are quite obviously an attempt to 'fit' the Period of the Judges, into the available 397 years, after one subtracts the 40 years of David's reign, and the first 3 years of Solomon's reign, from the Reference in 1 Kings 6:1, which (at least in the Septuagint) says that 440 years elapsed between Entry into Canaan, and the commencement of Solomon's Temple. Given the lack of chronological data in relation to Samuel and Saul, it seems probable that there did exist some reference to Samuel's 32 year judgeship, which, like the record in 1 Samuel 13:1 [ Saul was ---- years old when he began to reign; and two years he reigned over Israel], was corrupt. It seems improbable that Josephus meant to exceed 397 years for the Period of the Judges, and therefore likely that he failed to notice that he had not included Samuel's Judgeship in his original tabulation. It is precisely because of his reference to 32 combined years for Samuel and Saul, that the King's Calendar assigns an 18 year judgeship to Ehud, not an 8 year one, for it would otherwise require that Samuel's judgeship be extended to 42 years; and I think Josephus' reference would indicate that to be incorrect.

The variety of chronological statements made by Seder Olam Rabbah about Samuel, ultimately stem from its' need to reduce the excessive totals in the Book of Judges for the Period of the Judges. Lead astray by errors and lack of data in the Scriptures, Seder Olam Rabbah concluded that Samuel judged Israel for a total of 10 or 11 years. According to Josephus, Samuel reigned 12 years independently, and shared 18 further years with Saul.

This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. In this article we look briefly at why the Chronologies in the Bible, Josephus and Seder Olam Rabbah are confusing. Bible Dates Topical Study tool for Students: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications. When the Synchronous Chronological Data provided in the Books of Kings and Chronicles for the Divided Kingdom Period are measured in years that measure 336 days, the synchronisms actually align. This can be clearly seen in the 400 line Calendar in Appendix Five. Seder Olam Rabbah, Josephus and everyone else, has relied upon the Biblical Chronological Data, but it was not recorded in a standard calendrical system. When you apply mathematics to the Biblical or Extra Biblical Synchronisms, those synchronisms work

The problem for all concerned with chronologising the ancient history of Israel (and this includes the redactors working on the Book of Judges and 1 Kings 6:1), is that there does not appear to be enough time in which to fit King Saul's reign. The reason for this, is that both the Septuagint and Masorete versions of 1 King 6:1 are flawed in their narratives [not their chronologies]. The mishmash of information provided by Seder Olam Rabbah for Samuel, Saul and David is a predictable and natural consequence of trying to fit too much raw data into an unnaturally small amount of space (time). A gigabyte of information cannot be stored on a megabyte of floppy disk. It doesn't work unless you can compress it. But how does a hard copy of a compressed file read? There are 3 reasons why the narrative of Seder Olam Rabbah makes no sense.

The Seder Olam Rabbah attempts to enlighten as to the chronological order of events that transpire between the death of the priest Eli and King David. In doing so however, it generates problems of its own. Before we discuss any issue here, we will look at the following 'point fashion' presentation of what the Seder Olam actually says. Whole sentences have been broken up to draw attention to chronological information.

This article, while brief in appearance, contains a wealth of information in relation to Israel's Period of the Judges. Its' principle purpose is to compare the Chronological data in the Biblical Book of Judges, with Seder Olam Rabbah, Josephus, and 'The King's Calendar'. The Book of Judges, Seder Olam Rabbah, and Josephus all contain differing chronological information in relation to the various Judges of Israel. According to the Book of Judges, there are 450 years transpiring between the Entry into Canaan under Joshua's leadership, and the end of Samuel's judgeship. However it does not specify how long either Joshua or Samuel judged Israel, so to the 450 years must be added an indeterminate time.

This article recommences with the Patriarchs, providing perspectives on their ages and when they were born; moves on to an indepth discussion of the 430 year Sojourn;discusses issues related to the Wilderness Wandering; introduces Joshua and the Judges, and devotes some effort to understanding a reference to 850 Years related to the time differential between Entry into Canaan and the Prophet Ezekiel.

This article presents the chronological data offered in the Seder Olam Rabbah, and compares it with the 'King's Calendar' Reconstruction of Israelite History, in which each Biblical year is given a value of 336 years. The main purpose is to see if each datum synchronises with surrounding data. This of itself, is a purely mathematical exercise, but within this article, you are given the benefit of seeing how that data is reflected in true time, as had already been calculated independently by the King's Calendar.

Seder Olam Rabbah : Jewish literature of second century A.D. midrashic chronological work, generally regarded as a work of the tanna Jose b. Halafta. [The "tannaim" were the masters of the "oral law," i.e. the men who wrote the Talmud.] It is a chronological record extending from Adam to the revolt of Bar Kokba in the reign of emperor Hadrian in the 130's A.D.. It is terribly flawed in the chronology it presents--thus the claim that Adam was only created in 3760 B.C. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah: Israel Timeline charts: Citations and References for students from over 100 Academic publications:

The new discoveries in the excavations in the City of David illuminate the ancient history of Jerusalem and the reality described in the Bible. - Mazar

COMPLETE unabridged version of "The Law, Rules of Evidence & Archaeology": A Polemical rebuttal of Academic methodology in reconstructing the history of Ancient Israel. The Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE is important in relation to the History of the Ancient Near East and The 'King's Calendar' indicates that King Ahab of Israel, died in 863 BCE. The Kurkh Stele of Shalmaneser III claims that King Ahab was present at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE. The claims of the Kurkh Stele are promoted despite seven (7) justifiable academic objections to its content. The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.

Bible Infallibility: Bible Skepticism: When it comes to matters Biblical, there is a whole section of the Christian community that 'worships' the Bible like an idol, insisting that each and every word was virtually 'G-d dictated', or inspired to such an extent, that IT CAN CONTAIN NO ERRORS! They say this despite the very plainly obvious errors, such as 1 Samuel 13:1 "Saul was one year old when he commenced to reign and reigned two years". Their explanations for these types of occurrences ultimately contradict their basic premise, that there can be no errors in the Bible

Academic Articles Math and Science: Bible Dates and Archaeology: Statistically speaking, it is impossible for the artificial chronological scheme running through these writings, to be anything other than the result of deliberate design. True Science does not fail to test a theory, simply because no one likes the subject or the theory (anti-Biblical bias). The True Scientific Mind, sets out to prove or disprove the hypothesis.

First thing to be aware of is that the Cultural Revolution changed the public perception of teachers. They became associated with the intellectual elite against whom Communism fought to gain control of the minds of the masses. If teachers don't have successful students, then the teacher is a failure and can get into trouble. Therefore, teachers do everything to make sure that their students perform well, and that includes turning a blind eye to cheating and sometimes actively participating in the cheating process.

In Defence of God: Bible and Archaeology: One statement of faith reads: "Being wholly and verbally God-given, Scripture is without error or fault in all its teaching... Note that it is wholly and verbally God-given. The books of Kings and Chronicles however make no mention of God's verbal instructions. Indeed they actually are quite clear in their assertion that they are a collation of other material. "That the work was superintended by the Holy Spirit" is given to mean that the Bible contains only those words that the Holy Spirit wanted put in there. If there is one argument I have never heard in explanation for discrepancies in the Historical documents of the Bible, it is that 'God ordered that it be recorded like that'. In fact, if there is one argument that the King's Calendar would put forward as justification for its' presentation, it is that the record as it appears, is exactly how God wanted it to appear. A mystery, concealed until the end of time, that the wisdom of the wise might be demonstrated to be foolishness, and that the foolishness of God might be demonstrated to be more wise than the wisdom of men.

I have seen enough 'dubious' scientific results and pressures on society which were ultimately overthrown, never to blindly trust in science, or any person irrespective of their qualifications. But in the matter of the historical content of the Bible, it is in fact a very difficult thing to ignore the evidence of archaeology and history, which demonstrates that the chronology of the Bible is incorrect, and of course, this is what 'The King's Calendar:The Secret of Qumran' is all about; demonstrating that while the Biblical data appears to be erroneous, it is in fact quite reliable

The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah. The Chomsky Fallacy by Keith Burgess-Jackson makes some very pertinent remarks in relation to Academic professionalism: "Scientists who exhibit bias in their scientific work are violating a basic norm of the scientific community. They are injecting their opinions (values) rather than letting the facts speak for themselves. Science (from the Latin word for knowledge) is about getting things right, not setting them right".

The King's Calendar' is a computer generated mathematical synchronous chronological presentation of the history of Ancient Israel, as principally recorded in the Biblical books of Kings and Chronicles, and sets forth Apologetics for and the results of R.P.BenDedek's discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Books of the Bible, Josephus,the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.

Could the Pharaoh of the Exodus have been the Grandvisier Rekhmire? Attention was drawn to some particular points in relation to the records found in the Bible, in Josephus, and in Egyptian history, that might support the posit that Rekhmire was the Pharaoh of the Exodus. According to the King's Calendar Reconstruction of Israelite History, the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Amenhotep II, was the Pharaoh of Egypt at the time of the Exodus. By the measure of Petrie's chronology, for the Exodus to have occurred in 1449 BCE, it would have taken place during Amenhotep II's co-regency during the last two years of the reign of Thothmes III

734 BCE - 586 BCE : Unlike the 4 part series: "The Law, Rules of Evidence & Archaeology" this article does not focus on legal argument, but highlights the weaknesses in Academic Opinion (and therefore 'weaknesses in Law'), in relation to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon; King Hezekiah of Judah, and the Syro-Ephraimitic War 734-732 BCE

These are not necesssarily easy articles to read as they are written from a legal perspective. Some have argued that the laws that apply to evidence in a 'criminal proceeding' are more strict than those applied to civil cases, and that 'criminal investigation proceedures' ought not to be applied to archaeological and historical evidence. However it can be argued that when presenting something as 'evidence of solid fact', that the strictest guidelines ought to be applied. As is argued throughout these articles, offering opinions and making assumptions is fine, as long as they are stated to be so rather than specifically stating or implying that they are facts

My personal opinion is that if G-d did have such a powerful, lasting and personal hand in 'each and every word' recorded in the Bible, then he is fairly incompetent at delivering his message with clarity. This does not mean however that I absolutely 'reject' the concept of Divine Biblical inspiration. I fully accept that the Biblical documents are a true historical record of Israel's national and religious history.

Addressing two small but connected issues in relation to the Biblical Exodus from Egypt: The Hyksos - and - Pharaoh Rameses II: When you calculate the total of reigns to Rameses (which are provided in both year and months of reigns), there expires a total of 254 years

The Septuagint translation of the Hebrew and Aramaic texts was accomplished in the 3rd Century BCE. While there are some textual differences that derive from the translation process from one language and culture form to another, the major difference is to be found in the chronological 'errors'. For example, According to the authorised version, 1 King's 6:1, tells us that Solomon's 4th year is the 480th year since the Israelites came out of the land of Egypt. The Septuagint however tells us that it is the 440 th. Year. It is worth noting that while both synchronise their chronologies with Solomon's 4th year, the Septuagint does not exactly read the same as the Received Text (Masorete – Authorised Version)

According to the Biblical Record, for Five or Six years prior to Ahab's death, he held the superior hand in military affairs in his region. This is at odds with the Kurkh Stele's reference to BenHadad being the leader of the coalition, if one accepts that Ahab was in fact a part of that coalition. Given that Academics put his death immediately after Qarqar in 853 BCE, Ahab must surely have been BenHadad's superior as the Bible indicates and which would in fact be indicated by the Kurkh Stele's reference to the size of Ahab's Chariot force. While the Academics deny the accuracy of this reference to the strength of his forces, they do accept as reliable that BenHadad was the leader, and continue to maintain that Ahab was a part of the Coalition.

Biblical chronology is so unreliable in the eyes of secular and religious academics that were it not for the lack of other records, they would not rely on the Bible at all. From Solomon's death until 842/841 BCE, there are only Three 'Other' references to events in Israel. These are: Pharaoh 'Shishak's' invasion shortly after Solomon's death; The battle of Qarqar in 853 BCE in Which one of two 'almost identical' archaeological records lists King Ahab as a member of the coalition against the Assyrians; and the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser which identifies Jehu as the King of Israel who paid tribute to him in 841 BCE

Jeremiah 52:12 records that this event occurred on the 10th day of the 5th month of that year, and 2 Kings 25:8 records that it occurred on the 7th day of the 5th month. These are in fact two different chronological perspectives, the one being artificial and the other being the Babylonian. This is but one example of apparently contradictory scriptural references

Josephus' figure of 947 years elapsing between the exodus and the fall of samaria in 722 BCE is written off by everyone as a complete fantasy, for it would require that the exodus occurred in 1669 BCE. While the reference is wrong, it is not fanciful. From his original source quoting a time span of 1062.5 years between the Exodus and the Babylonian Exile, and which he believed to be recorded in True Solar years, Josephus erroneously deducted 115 solar years (701 - 586 BCE), instead of 136 years (722 - 586 BCE), resulting in a 947 year calculation for the period 'Exodus to Fall of Samaria', instead of 914.5 years

An Apparent Bible Contradiction is Jeremiah 32:1 which records that that Jerusalem fell in the 10th year of Zedekiah which was the 18th year of Nebuchadrezzar. But 2 Kings 25:8 records that Jerusalem fell in the 11th year of Zedekiah which is the 19th year of Nebuchadrezzar. How can they both be right? Jerusalem did in fact fall in accordance with both of these Scriptural References as can be seen in Appendix 5 Chart. The references refer to different ways of recording time.

The significance of the 'King's Calendar' determination of 606 BCE for Josiah's death, is that from this chronological perspective, Josiah's death and the subsequent events of the following months, can be seen to synchronise with the recorded events in the Babylonian Chronicles for Nabopolassar's 19th year. In July/August of Nabopolassar's 19th year (606 BCE as per King's Calendar), Nebuchadrezzar was in Carchemish and returned to Babylon a month later (August/September). This then appears to be the time in which Necho was on his way to Carchemish, and Josiah was killed. Upon Josiah's death, Jehoahaz his son took the throne, but three months later was removed by Necho, who put Jehoiakim on the throne. According to the Babylonian Chronicles, (BM 22047- Line 12 /13), in Tishri (Sept/Oct) of that year, Nabopolassar mustered his army and traveled to Kimuhu to meet the renewed threat of Egyptian attack down the Euphrates Valley. He captured Kimuhu in Kislev (Nov/Dec). 606 BCE provides a solid foundation for a synchronisation with the record within the Babylonian Chronicles.

Current academic opinion puts Josiah's death in 609 BCE. There are four (4) reasons. The first is that if you calculate the reigns for Manesseh, Amon, Josiah, Jehoiakim and Zedekiah, there are 110 years allotted them, which, if calculated back from the fall of Jerusalem in 587/586 BCE, requires that Manesseh commenced to reign in 696/695 BCE and that Josiah died in 609/608 BCE. In relying upon Biblical Chronological details for this period, academics do two extraordinary things. Firstly, they uncharacteristically treat the data as though it were correct, and this, despite the fact that they blatantly and 'justifiably' deny the reliability of all the chronological data for the preceding fifty (50) years, - and - Secondly, to make the data fit, they insist that a two year old child (Manesseh) was made to co-reign with his father (Hezekiah)

Starting with Jotham, we will trace the chronological order of events, and along the way, point out what is true and false in the Biblical chronoloical record. Some people have dated Jotham's governorship to the year 750 BCE, based upon references by Josephus to an earthquake at that time. The 'King's Calendar' commences his governorship in October of 749 BCE. This is the 46th year of his Father Uzziah and the 7th year of Menehem. In his 5th Artificial year commencing in July of 745 BCE, the son of Menehem of Israel commences to reign. Pekahiah commenced to reign in the 50th year of Uzziah, and reigned two years (2 Kings 15:23). In Uzziah's 52nd and last year (7th year of Jotham's governorship), Pekah killed Pekahiah and began to reign for twenty years

There are at least five issues in relation to Manasseh that are problematical for Historians. 1. How to place his reign chronologically - 2. The contradictory Biblical Descriptions of his Character - 3. The description of his treatment - 4. The location of his captivity - Babylon or Ninevah - 5. The chronological circumstances of his captivity and release

Although Josephus did in fact provide erroneous references, the 'King's Calendar' is able to demonstrate that there is in fact a 'logical' basis for the figures he quotes. His figures are not really erroneous, it was his understanding of the application of those figures that lead him into incorrect conclusions, and he is not the only one whose application of little understood data, leads him into wrong conclusions. ALL Biblical Chronologists, historians and archaeologists do the same thing

Jeremiah's prophecy initially refers to the captives sent to Babylon in 604/603 BCE. 2 Chronicles 36:21 however, indicates that the people taken captive in 586 BCE at the time of the destruction of the temple was in accordance with and to fulfill Jeremiah's Prophecy, and that these seventy years were ordained because the land had not received its Sabbath year rests. This inherently implies two things. 1. That Jeremiah's prophecy was given in relation to the Babylonian exile of 586 BCE (not the 603 BCE captivity nor the 596 BCE overthrow of Jehoiachin) and 2. That there had been a period of 490 years during which the 'Sabbath Rest' of the land had not been complied with.. The implications of 2 Chronicles 36:21 are problematical.

No matter what someone might like to assert or claim, there is absolutely no evidence currently in existence, nor likely to be forthcoming, that can demonstrate that the chronology offered by the 'King's Calendar' is impossible, untenable or contrary to the 'evidence'. It has equal merit with any currently suggested construction of Israelite History, with one excelling exception. It can demonstrate itself mathematically. There is only one possible justification for rejecting the 'King's Calendar' Chronology, and that would be to demonstrate that its computer generated mathematical foundation is erroneous in that its determination at some point of history can be proven to be incorrect

Few people appreciate the numerous difficulties involved in determining an 'accurate' history of Egypt, and that history is still under challenge with regard to the currently accepted placements of Egyptian Dynasties. For instance, Merenptah's 'Israel Stele', if it is to be believed, records a victory over the 'nation' of Israel, centuries before Israel was a 'nation'. Rohl and James et. al. have been working on providing a more reliable chronology, with James et.al. suggesting that Merenptah's dynasty ought to be shifted to the Eleventh century BCE

The 'King's Calendar', which deals with CHRONOLOGY (not history) is the only proposition which synchronizes all the Biblical chronological references, and for this period of history, it did something which no one else has ever attempted. Instead of insisting that the chronological data was wrong, it maintained that the Name/Identification of certain Jewish kings was wrong. Of the four kings of Judah that reigned during this period, THREE were known to have reigned under names OTHER THAN their real names

Every time you see or hear an historian or archaeologist quote chronological material from the Bible, they are 'pulling your chain'. They manipulate your trust in the Bible and direct it toward 'themselves'. When we read that some expert says this or that, we are naturally inclined to accept that they know what they are talking about, but in reference to the two cases sited above, the 'fact' of the matter is, that neither religious nor secular academics have ever 'proved' their theories to be correct, and the 'fact' that these points in history are constantly being challenged, examined and argued over, demonstrates clearly enough, that the 'chronological' aspect at the very least, has not yet been satisfied beyond everyone's doubt

Opinions, Assumptions and Presumptions are not facts in relation to evidence. Whilst the 'King's Calendar' is a 'theory', it is in fact 'a scientific theory' and can therefore be subjected to scientific testing, under which, should it fail, it would be proven beyond doubt to be false. Too often we just accept what 'The Professionals' tell us, without ever forcing them to make a clear distinction between 'proof' and 'opinion'

Many folk wonder why it is that their children have turned from their religious traditions to new or exotic forms of religious observance, and it is not at all unreasonable to suggest that this is because our materialistic, logical, and science driven society, has robbed us of the inner emotional stability which comes through 'trusting in a higher power'. What facinates me, is that many 'fundamentalists', while publicly preaching the Bible to be the Word of God, will, when confronted by the anomolous situation between the chronological facts of history and the chronological record of the Bible, maintain that biblical chronology is not important, saying "we don't feel that the historical information is important"

The Download book does not contain a section on Seder Olam

---

What is the King's Calendar?
Definition: King's Calendar Chronological Research

The Premise: Between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE (but continuing down to at least 104 BCE), Sectarian redactors transcribed the legitimate 'solar year' chronological records of Israel and Judah, into an artificial form, with listed years as each comprised of 12 months of 4 weeks of 7 days, or 336 days per year, thus creating a 13th artificial year where 12 solar years existed.

When the Synchronous Chronological Data provided in the Books of Kings and Chronicles for the Divided Kingdom Period are measured in years of 336 days, the synchronisms actually align. [Refer to Appendix 5. to see how it synchronises the Divided Kingdom Period]

---

Free to air Academic articles set forth Apologetics for and results of his discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Bible, Josephus, the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.

During the current economic downturn, this book has been drastically reduced in price but will eventually rise as the economy improves.

Check the Chapter Precis Page to see details of each chapter and to gain access to the Four Free to Air Chapters

Chapter One: The Dead Sea Scroll

Chapter Two: The Starting Point

Chapter Three: Jehoiakim606 BCE to 596 BCE

Chapter Four: From the Death of Josiah to the Fall of Jerusalem

Chapter Precis Page - Table of Content

Appendix 1. Bibliography

Appendix 2. Research Proposal

Appendix 3. Research Proposal Calendar 586 BCE to 33 BCE

Appendix 4. Two Solar Year Time Line Charts.

Appendix 5. Divided Kingdom Synchronous Chronology Chart 936 BCE - 586 BCE

Appendix 6. Nebuchadrezzar's 42 year Reign & Babylonian Chronicles: 18th year of Nabopolassar to 2nd of Nebuchadrezzar

Appendix 12 Chronologies of Josephus

Appendix 13 Synchronous Scriptural References

Appendix 17 From the flood to Moses