Topical Study tool for Students: Joseph and Pharaoh Exodus From the Birth of Moses 80 years: Enslavement of the Israelites to Exodus 86 years. From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to the Exodus 113 years. From the Death of Levi to the Exodus 116 years. - This article has been designed for students as a quick study tool. It is a Topic Excerpt from The Sojourn in Egypt to The Judgeship of Joshua - Seder Olam Rabbah (No.3)
Topic 5. Seder Olam & The Pharaoh who knew not Joseph.
All the time that Levi was alive, Israel was enslaved in Egypt as it says (Ex. 1:6): "And Joseph and all brothers died, all that generation." (Ex. 1:8 ): "There arose new king in Egypt who knew nothing of Joseph." After that Levi died, the Egyptians started to enslave them. From there they said (Sabbat 105b): "If one of brothers dies, all brothers should worry. If one of a company dies, all members of the company should worry." (Ex. 1:7): "The children of Israel were fruitful like vermin etc." (Ex. 1:8 ): "There arose a new king Egypt etc." It turns out that from the death of Levi to the Exodus were 116 years. The slavery extended not more than that time and not less that 86 years, the age of Miriam at Exodus, since she was named for the bitterness.
a.Chronological Data:
From the Birth of Moses 80 years.
From the Enslavement of the Israelites to Exodus 86 years.
From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to the Exodus 113 years. Footnote: The Hyksos
From the Death of Levi to the Exodus 116 years.
From this is seen that Levi died just three [read 2] years before Amosis founded the 18th Dynasty after the Expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt. See Newsletter No.5 Ancient Egypt
b.The King's Calendar determination for these events are:
Line 895 1412 BCE 1st year in Canaan
Line 935 1449 BCE 1st year of Exodus [81st of Moses]
Line 1015 1523 BCE 1st year of Moses- 80 years before Exodus
Line 1021 1529 BCE 86 years before Exodus - Slavery Commenced.
Line 1048 1554 BCE 113 years to Exodus / 103rd year of 215 year Sojourn in Egypt
Line 1051 1556 BCE 116 years to Exodus – Death of Levi (See:Hyksos)
Re: The Hyksos
One result of the King's Calendar investigation into Josephus, was that it was seen that Josephus' reference to the 'Exodus' was actually a reference to the Hyksos Exodus from Egypt, and that as measured by the KingsCalendar, the year 1554 BCE is identified.[Chapter 20 "Josephus" Example (viii) From the Departure from Egypt to Fall of Jerusalem in 586 BCE 1062.5 years elapse - Antiquities Book 10:8:5 Re: The burning of the temple]
Grimal (1992, p. 392) places the Hyksos Expulsion at 1552BCE - Refer also to Dollinger.A. (2000) An Introduction to the History and Culture of Pharaonic Egypt. Herodotus: Hyksos
The King's Calendar date of 1554 BCE does however fall within various dates provided by various Academics for the expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt. Such dates range from 1583 BCE (Marston 1935, p 83) until after the commencement of the 18th Dynasty under Ahmose (c. 1570 - 1550 BCE)
The chronological chart for this is in Appendix 12 which is listed on the Chapter Precis page
The following Chart shows the King's Calendar calculation for the Expulsion of the Hyksos, and therefore, the date of Levi's death. These figures can be confirmed in Appendix 12.
The end of the 215 year Josephic Sojourn in Egypt
The Expulsion of the Hyksos & Death of Levi
Based upon Josephus Antiquities Book 10:8:5
Seder Olam Rabbah Data and Citations are taken from "Bible Facts: Seder Olam:Part 1 Pentateuch 3 The Covenant and Slavery
The Premise: Between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE (but continuing down to at least 104 BCE), Sectarian redactors transcribed the legitimate 'solar year' chronological records of Israel and Judah, into an artificial form, with listed years as each comprised of 12 months of 4 weeks of 7 days, or 336 days per year, thus creating a 13th artificial year where 12 solar years existed.
When the Synchronous Chronological Data provided in the Books of Kings and Chronicles for the Divided Kingdom Period are measured in years of 336 days, the synchronisms actually align. [Refer to Appendix Five to see how it synchronises the Divided Kingdom Period]
General formula for Biblical Data conversion:
The formula for constructing the artificial calendar was:
'X' times 364 equals 'Y' days
'Y' days divided by 336 equals 'Z' artificial years.
Values are:
'X' = any given number of 'real/solar' years
364 = perceived days in the sectarian calendar
'Y' = number of days calculated
336 = number of days in an artificial year
'Z' = artificial years = 1.083'X' and represents the original number of the converted years plus 8%.
To reverse the process by hand:
'Z' years times 336 equals 'Y' divided by 364 equals the Number of 'X' years converted.
To see how effective this method is, SEE:Appendix 5:Diagrammatic Reconstruction of Israelite History from 936 to 586 BCE:
The Principle of Linear Causality
The King's Calendar is a very simple approach to Biblical Chronology. It substitutes a value of 336 days for every year listed in Scripture. As far as the Divided Kingdom is concerned, when you use this 336 day year value, the synchronisms actually work. To see how effective this method is, SEE:Appendix 5: Diagrammatic Reconstruction of Israelite History from 936 to 586 BCE
Because it is a mathematical system, the King's Calendar must abide by certain mathematical rules, the most important of which, is that if you change any date for any day, month, or year every other day, month, or year is effected and must also change. It's like a 'domino effect'. Chronological references cannot be 'forced' to fit, and nor can they simply be ignored or 'compressed' as is the usual case with historians and archaeologists.
If any King's Calendar chronological determination disagrees with anything in the history books, it must argue the case as to why the history books are wrong, or why the evidence for an assertion is untrustworthy. If the King's Calendar successfully defends its' position, then the history books cannot be treated as definitive, and if the King's Calendar is 'proven' wrong, then every other chronological reference it provides is also wrong.
Because of this, the King's Calendar Chronological Reconstruction of Israel's history is unique, in that its' methodology can be scientifically (mathematically) tested and demonstrated to be either true or false. Its' chronological predictions are able to be 'proved' or 'disproved'.
About the KingsCalendar Publisher
R.P.BenDedek is the owner and Editor of KingsCalendar.com which was originally set up to publicize his research results into the Chronology of Ancient Israel. Those results were published under the title: 'The King's Calendar: The Secret of Qumran'.
Whilst there have been many attempts to solve the chronological riddle of the Bible's synchronisms of reigns of the kings of Israel and Judah and their synchronism with other Ancient Near Eastern Nations, no other research is based on a simple mathematical formula which could, if it is incorrect, be disproved easily. To date, no one has been able to dismiss the mathematical results of this research.
Free to air Academic articles set forth Apologetics for and results of his discovery of an "artificial chronological scheme" running through the Bible, Josephus, the Damascus Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Seder Olam Rabbah.
Check the Chapter Precis Page to see details of each chapter and to gain access to the Four Free to Air Chapters
R.P. BenDedek also writes social commentaries and photographic 'Stories from China' both at KingsCalendar, and as a contributing columnist at Magic City Morning Star News in Maine USA.
He has been teaching Conversational English in China since 2003 and currently (2013) is teaching in Suzhou City Jiangsu Province.
